[
Hawaii

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

s climate is changing. In the last century, air
temperatures have increased between one-half and one
degree (F). Warming in the oceans around Hawaii has
damaged coral reefs

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

, and, in recent decades, increased
ocean acidity has threatened reefs and other marine
ecosystems. Average pre

average precipitation decreased in the last century : This reduction in rainfall affects Hawaii's freshwater availability and sensitive land-based ecosystems.

cipitation decre

average precipitation decreased in the last century : This reduction in rainfall affects Hawaii's freshwater availability and sensitive land-based ecosystems.

ased in the last

average precipitation decreased in the last century : This reduction in rainfall affects Hawaii's freshwater availability and sensitive land-based ecosystems.

century

average precipitation decreased in the last century : This reduction in rainfall affects Hawaii's freshwater availability and sensitive land-based ecosystems.

, reducing freshwater availability on some islands and
affecting delicate land-based ecosystems, often harming
native species. In the last 50 years, sea lev

sea level has risen between two and eight inches since 1960 : Rising sea levels due to climate change are causing coastal erosion and threatening infrastructure.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

el has risen

sea level has risen between two and eight inches since 1960 : Rising sea levels due to climate change are causing coastal erosion and threatening infrastructure.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

along
Hawaii’s shores, increasing erosio

Erosion : The process by which natural forces like water or wind remove soil, rock, or material from one location on the Earth's crust, then transport it to another location where it is deposited.

n and threatening coastal
communities and infrastructure.
Cli

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

mate

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

is changing because the earth is warming. People
hav

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

e increased the a

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

mount of carbon dio

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

xide in the ai

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

r by

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

40 percent since the l

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

ate 1

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

700

people have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the air by 40 percent since the late 1700s : Human activities have significantly contributed to the increase in greenhouse gases, leading to climate change.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

s. Other heat-trapping green

Greenhouse Gases : Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.

-
house gases

Greenhouse Gases : Gases in Earth's atmosphere that trap heat. They include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases.

are also increasing. These gases have warmed
the surface and lower atm

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

osphere of our p

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

lanet about one

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

degree d

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

uring the l

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

ast 50 years

the surface of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last 80 years : Warmer ocean temperatures affect marine ecosystems, causing coral bleaching and diseases.

. Evaporation increases as
the atmosphere warms, which increases humidity

Humidity : A measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air.

, average
rainfall, and the frequency of heavy rainstorms in many
placesbut contributes to drought in others.
Greenhouse gases are also changing the worlds oceans and
ice cover. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic

carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid increasing ocean acidity by about 25 percent : The increasing acidity harms marine life such as corals and shellfish, which rely on certain minerals to build their skeletons and shells.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

acid, so t

carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid increasing ocean acidity by about 25 percent : The increasing acidity harms marine life such as corals and shellfish, which rely on certain minerals to build their skeletons and shells.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

he ocea

carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid increasing ocean acidity by about 25 percent : The increasing acidity harms marine life such as corals and shellfish, which rely on certain minerals to build their skeletons and shells.

Carbon Dioxide : A colorless, odorless greenhouse gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration.

ns are becoming more acidic. The surface
of the ocean has warmed about one degree during the last
80 years. Warming is causing snow to melt earlier in spring,
and mountain glaciers are retreating. Even the great ice
sheets on Greenland and Antarctica are shrinking. Thus the
sea is rising at an increasing rate.
August 2016
EPA 430-F-16-013
What Climat

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

e Chang

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

e
Means for Hawaii

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

Ocean Warming and Acidif ication
The waters around Hawaii are warming, which is harming
Hawaii’s coral reefs

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

and marine ecosystems

Ecosystems : A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

. The El Niño-
Southern Oscillation (“El Niño”) and other natural cycles cause
ocean temperatures in the Pacific to fluctuate from year to year
and from decade to decade. Even after accounting for these

hawaii s air temperatures have increased between one half and one degree f in the last century : This indicates the warming trend in Hawaii's climate, potentially linked to global warming.

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

natural patterns, the waters around Hawaii have been

hawaii s air temperatures have increased between one half and one degree f in the last century : This indicates the warming trend in Hawaii's climate, potentially linked to global warming.

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

warming

hawaii s air temperatures have increased between one half and one degree f in the last century : This indicates the warming trend in Hawaii's climate, potentially linked to global warming.

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

since the 1950s, with temperatures rising by several degrees

hawaii s air temperatures have increased between one half and one degree f in the last century : This indicates the warming trend in Hawaii's climate, potentially linked to global warming.

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

from the ocean surface down to at least 600 feet. Rising water
temperatures can harm the algae that live inside corals. Because
algae provide food for the coral, a loss of algae weakens corals
and can eventually kill them. This process is commonly known as
"coral bleaching

Coral Bleaching : A phenomenon that occurs when water is too warm, causing corals to expel the algae living in their tissues, making them turn completely white.

,
" because the loss of the algae also causes the
corals to turn white. Mass bleaching events are becoming more
common, with documented cases in the north-western Hawaiian
Islands in 1996 and 2002. Water temperature spikes in Hawaii
have also been linked to coral disease outbreaks.
Bleached cor

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

als in Kaneohe Bay

Kaneohe Bay, Oahu : A location in Hawaii where bleaching events have been recorded.

, Oahu

Kaneohe Bay, Oahu : A location in Hawaii where bleaching events have been recorded.

, in the fall of 2014. Credit: XL
Catlin Seavi

XL Catlin Seaview Survey : An organization that records and surveys coral bleaching events.

ew Survey

XL Catlin Seaview Survey : An organization that records and surveys coral bleaching events.

Increasing ocean acidity can also damage corals, as well as
shellfish and other organisms that depend on minerals in the
water to build their skeletons and shells. The acidity of the
Pacific Ocean has increased by about 25 percent in the past
three centuries, and it is likely to increase another 40 to 50
percent by 2100.
Warming and acidication could result in widespread damage to
the entire marine ecosystem in the waters off Hawaii. Hawaii’s
isolation in the Central Pacic makes it home to a wide range of
sh species not found anywhere else in the world. Many of these
sh rely on healthy coral reefs for habitat, and even with substan-
tial cuts to greenhouse gas emissions, up to 40 percent of coral
Year
Average Temperature (°F)
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
20202010200019901980197019601950
Honululu Kahului Lihue Hilo
Aver

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

age annual t

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

empera

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

tur

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

es have incr

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

eased acr

average annual temperatures have increased across hawaii since 1950 : The consistent increase in temperature aligns with global warming trends.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

oss Hawaii

hawaii s air temperatures have increased between one half and one degree f in the last century : This indicates the warming trend in Hawaii's climate, potentially linked to global warming.

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

since
1950. Source: NOAA
Tourism infr

Tourism : The commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest.

astructure and nearshore cor

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

al r

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

eefs

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

, both threatened by
climat

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

e change

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

, in Maui

Maui : An island in Hawaii known for its beautiful beaches and coral reefs threatened by climate change.

. Credit: Hudson Slay, EPA Region

EPA Region 9 : A region of the United States Environmental Protection Agency that covers Hawaii and other Pacific territories.

9.
ree

40 percent of reef fish habitats could be lost by 2100 : This significant loss of habitat for fish could disrupt marine biodiversity and affect local economies dependent on fisheries.

f fi

40 percent of reef fish habitats could be lost by 2100 : This significant loss of habitat for fish could disrupt marine biodiversity and affect local economies dependent on fisheries.

sh could l

40 percent of reef fish habitats could be lost by 2100 : This significant loss of habitat for fish could disrupt marine biodiversity and affect local economies dependent on fisheries.

ose their habitats by 21

40 percent of reef fish habitats could be lost by 2100 : This significant loss of habitat for fish could disrupt marine biodiversity and affect local economies dependent on fisheries.

00. Reefs also protect
nearshore fish nurseries and feeding grounds. Damage to coral
and reduced sh populations could negatively impact the
state’s economy, as these natural resources bring an estimated
$385 million to Hawaii

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

each year through tourism, direct
consumption, and commercial sheries.
Water Availability
Rainfall in Hawaii has been decreasing, but scientists do not
know whether that trend will continue. El Niño will probably
continue to dominate precipitation patterns from year to year in
the tropical Pacific. Climate change

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

-related increases in air
temperatures will lead to more evaporation and more moisture
in the air. As a result, the variability in El Niño-related
precipitation is likely to increase, making rainfall predictions
difficult.
Although projections of future rainfall are uncertain, streams and
rivers on the Hawaiian Islands have experienced a reduction in
flow over the last century, resulting in less fresh water available
for people and ecosystems

Ecosystems : A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

. Additionally, increased drought may
threaten taro and breadfruit, which are important traditional food
sources for Hawaii’s native peoples.
Land Ecosystem Changes
Ecosystems on land are also experiencing impacts from a
warming climate. Many native pl

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

Invasive Species : Non-native species that spread widely and become dominant in a new ecosystem, causing harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.

ant species cou

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

Invasive Species : Non-native species that spread widely and become dominant in a new ecosystem, causing harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.

ld lose ground

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

Invasive Species : Non-native species that spread widely and become dominant in a new ecosystem, causing harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.

to inv

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

Invasive Species : Non-native species that spread widely and become dominant in a new ecosystem, causing harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.

asive

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

Invasive Species : Non-native species that spread widely and become dominant in a new ecosystem, causing harm to the environment, the economy, or human health.

species better adapted to the changing climate,
or simply fail to thrive in altered habitats. For example, higher
temperatures and increased drought have caused dramatic
declines among native plant species such as Haleakal
ā
silver-
sword. Some native species display the ability to adapt to climate

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

chang

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

e, such as a few types of fire-adapted grasses that have
shifted to higher altitudes in Hawai

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park : A U.S. national park in Hawaii known for its volcanic landscapes and shifting plant species due to climate change.

i Volcanoes Nation

Hawaii : A U.S. state made up of islands in the Pacific Ocean, experiencing impacts from climate change.

Hawaii Volcanoes National Park : A U.S. national park in Hawaii known for its volcanic landscapes and shifting plant species due to climate change.

al Park.
However, some insects such as mosquitoes have also been able
to expand their ranges into higher elevations, infecting native
birds with diseases like avian malaria.
Shoreline Loss
Since 1

sea level has risen between two and eight inches since 1960 : Rising sea levels due to climate change are causing coastal erosion and threatening infrastructure.

960, sea level has risen between two and eight inches

sea level has risen between two and eight inches since 1960 : Rising sea levels due to climate change are causing coastal erosion and threatening infrastructure.

relative to Hawaiis shoreline. Sea le

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

vel rise can mak

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

e Hawaii

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

’s

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

existing coastal hazards—such as waves, hurricanes, tsunamis,

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

and extreme tides—even worse. Additionally, rising sea level has
accelerated coastal erosion, which has resulted in wetland mi-
gration and cliff collapse. Chronic erosion has affected more than
70 percent of Kaua

Kauai : An island in Hawaii affected by chronic erosion and climate change.

i and Mau

Maui : An island in Hawaii known for its beautiful beaches and coral reefs threatened by climate change.

i’s beaches over the last century.
Sea level rise and the associated coastal impacts due to in-
creased flooding, elevated ground water tables, storm surge,
and erosion have the potential to harm an array of natural
and built environments in Hawaii. Dying coral reefs

Coral Reefs : Large underwater structures composed of the skeletons of colonial marine invertebrates called corals.

add to this
problem, as they leave the shoreline more vulnerable to erosion
and damage from waves. In the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Marine National Monument, sea le

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

vel rise threat

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

ens native

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

speci

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

es, especial

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

ly those that nest on beaches, suc

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

h as green

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

sea tur

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

tles

green sea turtles : Marine reptiles that nest on Hawaii's beaches and are affected by rising sea levels.

Native Species : Organisms that live in the same place where they originated and have adapted to their natural surroundings.

, Hawai

Hawaiian monk seals : Endangered seals living in Hawaii that are threatened by climate change and habitat loss.

ian monk se

Hawaiian monk seals : Endangered seals living in Hawaii that are threatened by climate change and habitat loss.

als

Hawaiian monk seals : Endangered seals living in Hawaii that are threatened by climate change and habitat loss.

, and the endangered Laysan
nch. Damage to coastal infrastructure may also hurt Hawaiis
economy, more than a quarter of which stems from tourism

Tourism : The commercial organization and operation of vacations and visits to places of interest.

.
Wai

Waikīkī Beach : A famous beach in Hawaii contributing significantly to the state's tourism economy.

kīkī Beach alone brings in $2 billion per year in visitor spend-
ing. Furthermore, many of Hawaii’s native communities are in
vulnerable coastal areas. Sea lev

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

el rise and associate

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

d fl

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

oodi

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

ng
are expected to d

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

est

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

roy land

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

, coas

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

tal ar

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

tifact

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

s, and struct

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

ures of

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

sign

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

icant cultural value, and may force these communities to

sea level rise and associated flooding threaten coastal artifacts structures and communities potentially forcing relocations : Cultural and historical sites are at risk, and some communities may have to move due to environmental changes.

Sea Level Rise : An increase in the level of the world's oceans due to the effects of climate change, primarily through the melting of ice sheets and thermal expansion of seawater as it warms.

relocate.
A seawall built in Ukumehame, Maui

Maui : An island in Hawaii known for its beautiful beaches and coral reefs threatened by climate change.

Ukumehame, Maui : A location in Maui where a seawall is built to protect against erosion.

, to protect the shoreline and
coastal infrastructure from erosion. Credit: Hudson Slay, EPA Region 9.
Health and Vulnerable People
Cli

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

mate chang

Climate Change : Long-term alteration of temperature and typical weather patterns in a place, driven significantly by human activities such as burning fossil fuels.

e is likely to amplify some threats to health in Ha-
waii. Certain people are especially vulnerable, including children,
the elderly, the sick, and the poor.
The sources of information about climate and the impacts of climate change in this publication are: the national climate assessments by the U.S. Global Change
Research Program, synthesis and assessment products by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program, assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change, and EPAs Climate Change Indicators in the United States. Mention of a particular season, location, species, or any other aspect of an impact does not imply
anything about the likelihood or importance of aspects that are not mentioned. For more information about climate change science, impacts, responses, and what you
can do, visit EPA’s Climate Change website at www.epa.gov/climatechange.
, None]
QiMeta Chat